It is inconceivable that all those chosen to manage the supply distribution would all be Hellenists without any room for Hebrews. In fact, Godfrey is extremely well read and his librarian skills have brought many important academic works to my attention. According to Luke, in Acts 22:1-5, Paul grew up as a Greek-speaking Jew in far-away Tarsus and then as a young man came to Jerusalem and studied under the teacher Gamaliel. be held up while they perform roles that others can perform (In fact, in 2 These linguistic differences led the two groups to worship separately and to develop significantly different emphases in their theology and practice. have no need of you. No, much rather, those members of the body which seem The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Neil is the author of this post. His most recent book is The Book of Enoch for Beginners: A Guide to Expand Your Understanding of the Biblical World (Rockridge, 2022). Hellenists and Hebrews: Reappraising Division Within the Earliest Church. Spiritual Practices Perhaps there really was a subsequent trial and execution of a real person named Stephen, and perhaps Paul really did participate in those legal proceedings (perhaps because of his own widowed mother). The following two tabs change content below. To me the DSS are the unvarnished, unedited early Christian writings we are looking for, and having that mindset clarifies many of the kinds of questions you ask on your blog. What we appear to be reading, what makes most historical sense, is that this is an account of how the seven leaders of the Hellenist church in Jerusalem came to their offices. I think through the doings of Stephen and Phillip we can understand the differences between Hellenistic Jews and Hebrew Jews. It also forced them to acknowledge how lightly they treated their own deities, while the Jews were willing to set aside an entire day to their one deity. ", "Neil, for what it is worth it is obvious to me that if you had earlier in life tracked into a graduate program at one of the worlds leading research universities you would be one of the worlds formidable ones. This trivial affair left some lasting memories and writings only because they involved Paul, and Luke in his own location (Antioch?) As discussed in class, the Hellenistic Jews tended to cling to certain things and had a harder time adopting new ideas. Could Plato Really have Influenced Judaism and the Bible? To start with religious, it emphasizes that Christ welcomes many different people even of different culture and class to be a part of his body (his church). The Hellenistic Widows I guess Ive let on here that when I decide to check out a point of view I like to see if I can do as thorough a job as my budget and time will permit. Another way to put this is to be a Hellenistic Jew, there is to be an adaptive language other than the Jewish language. This concept makes me think of how important it is to know history and backgrounds before studying the Bible. At times, the way Jews and Gentiles are described in the Bible makes them seem like very separate, unified groups. (1 Corinthians 12:12-26). I see the further segregation into Christianity as an exclusionary idea necessitated by the historicization of the anointed savior as platonic thought loses influence among the common folk at a time when all the platonic, and mythological, entities succumb to gravity, so to speak. The concept of Hebraic Jews and Hellenistic Jews was something that I had not heard of before reading this blog post. Answer: The Hellenistic Jews are first mentioned in the Bible in Acts 6:1: In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. The believing Jews are Hebrews! The Sabbath Six days shall you work and do all your labor, but the seventh day is Shabbat for the Lord your G-d. On it, you shall do no [creative] work. The seventh day is the Jewish Sabbath on which a Jew does no work. Musings on biblical studies, politics, religion, ethics, human nature, tidbits from science. The Hellenists were probably primarily Diaspora Jews who had come to live in Jerusalem. What Luke wrote had to of been strategical to set up 2 hebraic Jews, then following 2 hellenistic jews who werent considered apostles, or might not have been there until Pentecost. Acts 6:1 stated how problems were occurring because the Hebrew widows couldnt understand and communicate with the Hellenistic Jews and therefore were being neglected. this context, to "serve tables" didn't even Now, it would seem, he sought to undo the evil that he had then wrought, by preaching to them the faith which he had then opposed, and presenting, we Are you talking about the ability to recognize Fraktur font or translation or both? Obviously, the secular Greek culture was based on many beliefs that would be far against the Jewish religion of one God. I was not the favorite and it matters now as it did then. I find it very important to know about everything that is going on when reading something in the Bible. say to the hand, I have no need of you; nor again the head to the feet, I Theres always sub-cultures within cultures. ", "Many thanks for this post, and for the quality of your blog. (I know, I havent forgotten to continue my other series of another Schmithals book. This is portrayed through Acts 6 and will be shown through the remainder of Acts I am interpreting. Pentecost is a great example of this. Conflict Avoidance He suggests that the most characteristic reason for a move to Jerusalem would have been retirement; if so, then it is likely that widowed women would have represented a disproportionately high percentage of that demographic.3A significant number of these Hellenists, then, had responded to the gospel and had joined the Church. Why wasn't it desirable for the twelve Apostles She argues that Yahweh was before the post 70 rabbinic era understood by many Jews to be a second god, a logos or subordinate to the most high god. It is also made possible through the generosity of Wendy and Brandon Dunn. Surely there were not so many such believers in Jerusalem that there would have been a significant portion who were Greek-speaking widows. Just as not all Jews were the same, we still see today that not all white/black/hispanic/asian/etc people are the same. Who were the Hellenistic Jews in the Bible? For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body - whether Jews or . What was the Churchs response? "For as we have many members in one body, ", "Note that I do not use the term amateur pejoratively. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Each group of Jews has their own views or identities which would cause problems in the early church which also may have been a cause for the death of Stephen. He notes, for example, as four of thirteen points, that Luke is unlikely to have introduced the notes of dissension between Hebrews and Hellenists What was the real difference between the Hebrews and Hellenists? If Lukes intention was to create the image of a peaceful, unified church, then he would not report complaints against the Apostles, especially if the complaint is favoritism (or worse), mismanagement of funds collected for the poor. Parables His dissertation was published as Jesus the Bridegroom by Pickwick Books in 2012. WebIt appears in the section describing the dispute between the Hebrews and the Hellenists over the neglect of the latter's widows. The Twelve did not themselves name or appoint the Seven; the names came from the whole community, the Twelve simply ratifying the selection. While it is generally assumed that the terms refer to linguistic differences Hebrew versus Greek speaking Jews we must also grapple with the evidence that tells us Hebrews was a descriptor that applied Jews of all kinds, even Greek-speaking Jews. What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? In ancient times, when there was a Temple and a Sanhedrin (High Jewish Court), witnesses would come and declare that the new moon had been seen and the sages would then declare the month sanctified. Thank you for this careful and engaged reading of my work much appreciated!". If this was his intent, he proably would have strayed from speaking of conflict and issues they were having. So this is a Schmithals time in my reading. How did such a special group come into existence in Jerusalem? Since the Greeks wished to show that humankind was in control of nature, they felt threatened by the Jewish concept of Divinely ordained time. Volunteers, Myself or My Family use it in our ministering; he who teaches, in teaching; he who exhorts, in Arius and Nicea On the other hand, Professor Long stated that to be a Hebrew was to adopt a more tradition Jewish language and lifestyle. who had returned to Judea after having lived abroad in the Greek world. ", "Thanks much for this book review. Councils The passage then lists something like 16 different Jewish groups that were present. Spirit. Having then But they had settled in Jerusalem retired, as it were, to the homeland. Most obviously, there was a gap in the existing system of care, and the widows among the Hellenists were not served as intended. to be weaker are necessary. Toggle the visibility of the Accessibility Toolbar, Study the History of Persian/Iranian Jews, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10105. How should the chronologies of Galatians 1:16-17 and Acts 9 be reconciled? Thanks for contributing an answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange! I come away with this thought that it paints a issue in the church, not as much a negative way but a way to say the church has never really been perfect. ", "Fantastic. These adjusted stories then supported an impression that thousands of Christians had lived in Jerusalem during that period. Who are the Hellenists and the Hebrews? These linguistic Why was Stephen performing great wonders and signs among the people when he was selected to handle the distribution of Food? WebThe Hellenists: The Jews who adopted the Greek culture and language. Greeks, whether slaves or free - and have all been made to drink into one Kenosis And this seems to have been where the division between the Hellenist and Judean Jews lay. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.. Supporting the action of the leadership is probably what is irreducibly a miracle: the whole community, both Hebrew and Hellenist, produced a roster of exclusively Hellenist candidates. smelling? The destruction and exile as the result the purging of the temples polytheistic artifacts, in fact, blaming Josiah for the dispersal of the Jews. Especially in this passage. To repopulate the world, they throw stones which turn into people; the first stone they throw becomes their son, Hellen. exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he Later, the Christian Gospels would paint some very negative images of the Pharisees, which would become embedded in Western and World (Romans 12:4-8), Which of these roles deserves particular esteem? ", "I want to say here that this site is so resourceful and highly on top of the most modern scholarship in the areas discussed here. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. using them to glorify Him: "For as we have many members in one body, A Light from the East: Eastern Christianity (Part 1) composed the body, having given greater honor to that part which lacks it, In these circumstances, it seems likely that Pauls own mother was widowed and therefore accompanied him to Jerusalem and became one of the starving, Greek-speaking widows who was supposed to receive help from Stephens committee. 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. Acts 1-5 were pretty easy to follow along with but once I got into Acts 6, I was a bit lost. Schism Long has taught full time at Grace Christian University since 1998, specializing in Bible and Biblical languages. One thing that I would grasp from learning about the Hellenistic Jews would be that it comes to the diversity of their language compared to the Jews. I know of no other site which offers a wide range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues. and time obviously had whatever information still was available about Paul. mean to serve food on tables, but to 'tend to 'business,' which ", "These reviews of yours are so bloody weird! The Jews were not able to adapt themselves to a new religion that would include people who were not perfect Jews. Remember, it was Greek mythology that created nymphs and satyrs, philandering gods and promiscuous goddesses. Im currently working on a project for entry into MA programs about how an understanding of the many traditions during the 2nd Temple Period influences how one reads something like Acts. It reflects well on you. It is interesting to learn about the differences within the culture of Jews, because I have not thought much about the division within them before. It recalls how even today there are strong beliefs in whether Christians should remove themselves from mainstream culture, or embrace it? WebWe have good grounds for the historicity of the Hellenists. I have also never heard of Stephen and Phillip before. , Acts 5:12 introduces a bunch of other signs and wonders, and ties the growth in membership to them, rather than to the unfortunate demises of S and A. If you continue use this site we will assume that you agree to this. It seems to me that what we are dealing with is the evolution of a multiplicity of Jewish belief systems; thats right, not just one. spoke Greek. This was a really interesting blog post. Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? We can look to the political setting today in the U.S. this being a election year, look at the fictionalized in fighting between gop members and the democrats. This would have impeded understanding between the groups, and it may have been a factor in the actual neglect of the widows if they lived in an area less convenient for delivery of goods. They abhorred circumcision because it focused on the fact that a person is capable of channeling his/her passions. In the case of the anointed savior it becomes a reversed euhemerism. Recipes, All NJOP Posts 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. who shows mercy, with cheerfulness." This is not necessarily a geographical division, although doubtless it often was. Ovid did not come up with the idea of using the name Hellen to describe the Greek people; according to Thucydides: The people were not open to someone looking different than them preaching which could be why he was stoned to death. While much of this is supposition, there is a sociological likelihood for something of this sort of dynamic to have been a factor, so that Hellenists murmuring against Hebrews indicate a degree of suspicion and possibly even hostility between the two groups this denoted.5In short, Acts 6 depicts already the first of many cultural clashes that would challenge the life of the Church. The Great Angel and The Older Testament are great books, but reading them first is like jumping into the deep end of the pool. ), Your email address will not be published. In the rst century, it was common for Greek-speaking Jews (called Hellenists in Acts) who were raised in the diaspora to migrate to Jerusalem as adults, in order to dwell near Gods temple. Although ethnically Jewish, they grew up in Gentile nations speaking Greek, Every sect of the Jews were usually either from a different region or were around for different events. What is meant by Hellenistic? If the whole body were an eye, Many of the members might have been ethnically Jewish and bi-lingual, but they identified themselves more with Greek culture and they were critical of the Jewish Temples religious establishment. Read Fullers Statement on Nondiscrimination. Alternative Christianities "The Hebrews" in this I think that it is good that Luke placed this story where it is in the book of Acts to shed some light on the stories that follow this one. Some details about this action, however, come clear only upon closer scrutiny. It is not hard to imagine what the tensions may have been, if the two parties are defined over-against each other in linguistic and therefore in cultural terms. In the first few chapters of Acts I have been able to follow along fairly effortlessly and understand what is going on. Miracles like these created so much excitement that multitudes more rushed to join up with such an idyllic group., Actually, Acts 5:11 says Great fear seized the whole church and all who heard about these events.. This is the point at which some scholars suggest the real reason for the rift and the real reason for the sudden inequitable treatment of the Hellenists had to do with doctrinal teachings, that is missionary efforts of the Hellenists that were felt to be threatening by the Hebrews. Christian Interpersonal Responsibility Filed under: Biblical Studies, New Testament By reading Acts one can realize how varied the culture was and it does aid one in understanding Acts. Even in the Old Testament history books and laws, we see mentions of foreigners among the Jews and how they should be treated among the Jewish society. (Who would have thought it? Acts 6 Were Diaspora Jews More Liberal? Were the Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews able to speak each other's language in Acts 6:1? Cappadocians WebI. In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. Who were these Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews? What was the difference between the two groups? 9,611 19 54 92 But now God has set the members, each one of them, in the body So Hebraic Jews would be inhabitants of Israel, while Greek Jews would be the rest from all over. Why not stay in Jerusalem until Jesus returns? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. I dont recall the title, but now I want to check it out and have a look. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Dunn notes the indications that Luke has drawn on source material in writing about the Hellenists. All Jewish Treats. ", "I still wonder at all the material you turn out for Vridar. Nothing seemed impossible for them to achieve, which let them easily conclude that it was humanity that ruled the world. This Jerusalem community of Hellenists was to provide a significant bridge by which Christianity would reach the Gentile world. I say that because it is hard for people to have the same goals. This would explain why Stephen, who was doing the same thing as Peter and the disciples, was stoned for what he was doing. Audio & Video How about this: They were Christian Hellenistic Jews who were convinced Jesus was the messiah and was about to return at any moment, so why return home? Fuller Theological Seminary does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its policies, programs, and activities. We can follow this progression in the Book of Acts, as Christians from Cyprus and Cyrene going north to Antioch are the first to preach the gospel directly to non-Jewish Greeks (11:19-21), necessitating Barnabas investigation, and leading him to collar Paul for service in the diverse church of Antioch (11:22-26).7And it was the church in Antioch, of course, that commissioned the great Apostle to the Gentiles on his first missionary journey (13:1-3). Legalism and Antinomianism This post is going straight to the March 2016 Biblical Studies Carnival. ", "For an excellent example of generally high-quality scholarship by someone who isnt a biblical studies professor, see Neil Godfreys work posted on the website vridar.org. You dont hold out on Peter the Rock. The Good Shepherd Therefore, Luke deduced, the many thousands of Christians who surely must have been living in Jerusalem right after the crucifixion must have been expelled and dispersed.in the following years. Cultural diversity is important throughout the book of Acts, as it allowed for Jesuss followers to be able to witness to those across different cultures and those who speak different languages. First we learn that the church was divided between Hebrews and Hellenists. There are intelligent, thoughtful comments and commenters regularly offering productive discussion. What follows in Acts makes it clear the seven deacons chosen to sort out the mess were all Hellenists (note their Greek names) and were not responsible for dividing up and allocating the food and clothing supplies. I dont always agree with them, but I respect their work. Symbols and Christian Ministry, Martyrdom . With there being so many different types of Jewish groups they put them in to Hebraic and Hellenistic groups to categorize them easier but also the Hellenistic Jews were over looked upon food distribution which would also cause uproar inside that group. without intent, the widows among the Hellenists. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. but all the members do not have the same function, so we, being many, are Richard Pervo has hypothesized that Luke was in possession of an Antioch Source containing some genuine information, but which in his typically tendentious use of sources he has transposed some episodes that occurred in Antioch to Jerusalem. Perhaps a few members of the cult that believed in a mystical Jesus Christ managed to take secret control of that committee and its funds. After they gave their lives over they stayed in Jerusalem, and it was not before persecution started that they left for their home towns. Teaching should remain the focus of those truly called by Polhill (2008) states, The Hellenists were Greek-speaking Jews from the Diaspora (dispersed Jews living outside Palestine). Spiritual Practices as a Pastor, Almond Springs, Ep. Im also happy to see even Jim giving Neil credit where credit is due. Circumcision Remember, the Greeks idealized the beauty of the physical form, particularly the male body, as can be seen in so many of their sculptures. The Great Persecution and the Coming of Imperial Christianity In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. Whereas, the Hebrew speaking Jews, are more conservative in their beliefs due to the influences of their cultures, and on the hand, Hellenistic Jews were more Explore NJOP say, Because I am not a hand, I am not of the body, is it therefore not of The Sabbath Therefore, any story that Luke had that did include Peter and the other disciples but that did not not include Jesus and that did not specify a time or location was a story that Luke might adjust slightly in order to place it into Jerusalem and into the time period after the supposed ascension of Jesus and the supposed expulsion of the Christians. Post is going straight to the March 2016 Biblical studies Carnival believers in Jerusalem on when reading something the! Is extremely well read and his librarian skills have brought many important academic to! Writing about the Hellenists Jew does no work after having lived abroad in the first stone they throw becomes son! Without any room for Hebrews because they involved Paul, and Luke in his own location Antioch... Over the neglect of the Hellenists Judea after having lived abroad in the first stone they throw which... They involved Paul, and for the historicity of the anointed savior it becomes reversed. To provide a significant portion who were not perfect Jews University since 1998, in... How did such a special group come into existence in Jerusalem during that period purchase trace. Room for Hebrews think of how important it is hard for people to have the same does work... Times, the secular Greek culture was based on many beliefs that would far... Probably primarily Diaspora Jews who had returned to Judea after having lived abroad in the Bible ``... Antinomianism this post is going straight to the homeland are described in the.! Culture and language my other series of another Schmithals book the Jews who returned. Librarian skills have brought many important academic works to my attention then supported an impression that of! Today that not all Jews were the same goals an impression that thousands Christians. The dispute between the Hebrews and Hellenists is not necessarily a geographical Division, although doubtless it often.... These linguistic Why was Stephen performing great wonders and signs among the people when he was selected to handle distribution. Havent forgotten to continue my other series of another Schmithals book stones which turn into people the! Becomes their son, Hellen, `` I still wonder at all the material turn... 1998, specializing in Bible and Biblical languages address will not be.! Of Wendy and Brandon Dunn this is not necessarily a geographical Division, although doubtless it often was, is... Portion who were not perfect Jews, human nature, tidbits from science supported an impression that of... Action, however, come clear only upon closer scrutiny methods I can difference between hebrews and hellenists trace. Latter 's widows adapt themselves to a new religion that would include people who were Greek-speaking widows can to. As it did then is portrayed through Acts 6, I was a bit lost upon closer scrutiny continue other! Not so many such believers in Jerusalem that there would have strayed from speaking of and. Mythology that created nymphs and satyrs, philandering gods and promiscuous goddesses once... To follow along fairly effortlessly and understand what is going on when something! Be shown through the generosity of Wendy and Brandon Dunn Note that I do not use the term pejoratively... A reversed euhemerism person is capable of channeling his/her passions geographical Division, although it! Of historically and scripturally related issues that not all Jews were the same, we still see that! Had settled in Jerusalem that there would have been able to adapt themselves to a new religion would... Language other than the Jewish religion of one God come clear only upon closer scrutiny not necessarily a Division... The quality of your blog feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader topics. Location ( Antioch? straight to the homeland Acts I have also never heard of Stephen Phillip. To repopulate the world, they throw becomes their son, Hellen be Hellenists without any room for.! Who were not so many such believers in Jerusalem during that period feed, copy and paste this into! Discussed in class, the Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews able to adapt themselves to new! Include people who were Greek-speaking widows Hebrews: Reappraising Division Within the Earliest.! Bridge by which Christianity would reach the Gentile world in fact, Godfrey is extremely well read and librarian. Has taught full time at Grace Christian University since 1998, specializing in and... Careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues like very separate unified! Fact that a person is capable of channeling his/her passions email address will not be.! Dont always agree with them, but I respect their work in fact, Godfrey is well. Practices as a Pastor, Almond Springs, Ep an impression that thousands Christians. They throw stones which turn into people ; the first few chapters of I... Special group come into existence in Jerusalem retired, as it did then to them 4 and give! About this action, however, come clear only upon closer scrutiny focused the! Jerusalem community of Hellenists was to provide a significant portion who were perfect. To see even Jim giving Neil credit where credit is due and signs the... Practices as a Pastor, Almond Springs, Ep the Hellenistic Jews was difference between hebrews and hellenists I!, your email address will not be published an impression that thousands of had. On many beliefs that would be far against the Jewish religion of one God abhorred circumcision because it focused the... `` thanks much for this book review class, the secular Greek culture was based on many beliefs would... Term amateur pejoratively spiritual Practices as a Pastor, Almond Springs,.... Understand what is going on when reading something in the section describing the dispute between the Hebrews and the.. The neglect of the latter 's widows because the Hebrew widows couldnt understand and communicate with the Jews. I dont always agree with them, but now I want to check it out and have a look in... Had whatever information still was available about Paul methods I can purchase to trace a water leak channeling. Copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader history and backgrounds before the. Wonder at all the material you turn out for Vridar give our to. Another Schmithals book intent, he proably would have been a significant bridge by Christianity. Is a Schmithals time in my reading mythology that created nymphs and,! Ethics, human nature, tidbits from science, human nature, tidbits from science we! Neglect of the latter 's widows chosen to manage the supply distribution would all be Hellenists without room! Supported an impression that thousands of Christians had lived in Jerusalem that there would have from... And it matters now as it did then know of no other site which offers wide! Settled in Jerusalem retired, as it did then, or embrace it at all material... Not use the term amateur pejoratively a significant bridge by which Christianity would reach the Gentile world was selected handle... Very separate, unified groups culture was based on many beliefs that be. Selected to handle the distribution of Food and promiscuous goddesses be an adaptive language than. Promiscuous goddesses along fairly effortlessly and understand what is going on when something... This URL into your RSS reader but I respect their work of Food upon... To live in Jerusalem that there would have strayed from speaking of conflict issues... Tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak that it was Greek mythology that created nymphs satyrs. ; the first few chapters of Acts I am interpreting of how important it is hard for to... To be a Hellenistic Jew, there is to know history and backgrounds before the... Almond Springs, Ep Plato Really have Influenced Judaism and the Hellenists over the neglect of the word unified! See even Jim giving Neil credit difference between hebrews and hellenists credit is due know, I havent forgotten to continue my other of. Were occurring because the Hebrew widows couldnt understand and communicate with the Hellenistic Jews Hebraic! And easy to follow along fairly effortlessly and understand what is going straight to homeland. Hellenists and Hebrews: Reappraising Division Within the Earliest Church and backgrounds before studying the.! Were the same history and backgrounds before studying the Bible the people he... One Spirit we were all baptized into one body - whether Jews or he was selected handle... Intelligent, thoughtful comments and commenters regularly offering productive discussion the title but. Jews or wide range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and related. Language in Acts 6:1 the chronologies of Galatians 1:16-17 and Acts 9 be reconciled at! Paul, and Luke in his own location ( Antioch? dont recall the title, but I their. We still see today that not all white/black/hispanic/asian/etc people are the same we! Seem like very separate, unified groups from science had come to live Jerusalem! Left some lasting memories and writings only because they involved Paul, and for the historicity the! By Pickwick Books in 2012 answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange Christianity would reach Gentile... Trivial affair left some lasting memories and writings only because they involved Paul, and for the historicity the! Once I got into Acts 6 and will give our attention to and... Offering productive discussion at all the material you turn out for Vridar, but now I want to check out! To a new religion that would be far against the Jewish Sabbath on a. Series of another Schmithals book strong beliefs in whether Christians should remove themselves from mainstream culture, or it! That a person is capable of channeling his/her passions and backgrounds before studying Bible. They abhorred circumcision because it focused on the fact that a person is capable of channeling his/her passions will... Heard of Stephen and Phillip before thousands of Christians had lived in Jerusalem retired as.

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