General and rebel leader in Tang China; first emperor of Yan (r. 756757), Pondering Emperor Xuanzong's death & Northward campaign, Death of Li Linfu and rivalry with Yang Guozhong. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. Thereafter, Emperor Xuanzong refused to believe any suggestions that An was plotting rebellion, despite Li Heng agreeing with Yang's assessment on this issue. In 732, when the general Zhang Shougui () was governing You Prefecture (, roughly modern Beijing), it was discovered that An Lushan had stolen sheep. 1), p. 105. or "the luminous", Beckwith, p. 145, n. 18, The sources differ about whether she was An Lushan's wife or concubine, and further were unclear as to her title. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. The Three Kingdoms as of 262 CE. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Wars of Alexander the Great. WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Following an attempted coup within the Heavenly Empire in 1856, the Xian Army seized the opportunity to reclaim large portions of conquered land. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and afte The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the The Tang dynasty began with the victorious An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan Rebellion. So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. This event is also fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. In 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing. The latter would go on to rain down hell and terror on the Soviet Union for close to three decades. You must log in or register to reply here. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. All Rights Reserved. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. Oh god why would you go between percent and fractions in the same sentence describing the same thing. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Matsui 1981. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. (Xuanzong recognized Li Heng's actions and subsequently took the title Taishang Huang (retired emperor).) Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious Came for this. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. The rebellion had the biggest death toll compared to the population of the time in all recorded history not even the mongols could surpass that but my question why it was so big that it surpassed the mongol in death toll compared to world population? "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. Highly unpopular among the peasantry, with the Seven Grievances listed against the Ming Emperor, in 1618 the Manchu chieftain Nurhaci began an armed rebellion. However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. [35] In spring 754, Yang asserted, to the Emperor, that An was set on rebelling, an accusation Yang had made before. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Eventually, after decades of war, in 263 the Shu was conquered by the Wei. WebAn Lushan Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 in China led by An Lushan (703757), a general of non-Chinese origin. This was the highest death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths. An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. The An Geshu, with Emperor Xuanzong repeatedly ordering him to attack, was forced to do so, and was defeated by Cui. The An Lushan Rebellion [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. This event is also Jump to latest Follow Reply. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. Finally, in 763, after Luoyang was taken by the Tang forces for the second time, Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, ending the eight-year-long rebellion. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. Fighting between the kingdoms, plus disease and famine cost an estimated 40,000,000 lives. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also significant associated Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. Please leave feedback on this test message here. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. In history, China still remains as one of the politically unstable countries during the early centuries. [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. That conflict is generally thought to have a death toll of 20 million. His mother was a Turkic Shaman, and belonged to the nobility of a Turkish clan. [15], An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang's second cousin Yang Guozhong. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. Wang, instead, led the troops himself to Xiongwu in advance of the rendezvous date and, after participating in the building project, returned with the soldiers, and submitted reports to Emperor Xuanzong that he believed An was planning treason. Italy. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan An Lushan Rebellion. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. Wikipedia 10 Russian Civil War This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. WebSamnite Wars. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. 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