A. In early 1831, Turner took a solar eclipse as a sign that the time for revolution was near, and on the night of August 21, he and a small band of followers killed his owners, the Travis family, and set off toward the town of Jerusalem, where they planned to capture an armory and gather more recruits. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? During the 1830s, the owner of an enslaved man named Dred Scott had taken him from the slave state of Missouri to the Wisconsin territory and Illinois, where slavery was outlawed, according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. Taken from a much-copied minstrel routine written by a white actor who performed often in blackface, the name Jim Crow came to serve as a general derogatory term for African Americans in the post-Reconstruction South. By the early 1970s, SNCC was effectively disbanded. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. 1 Apart from its obvious negative impact on African American individuals, families, and communities, the racial . After nine years in the Air Force, Meredith had studied at the allBlack Jackson State College and applied repeatedly to Ole Miss with no success. a)It reveals the way the Emancipation Proclamation improved Americans' lives for years, just like the way sun casts light on the dark, A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Though she failed to win a primary, Chisholm received more than 150 votes at the Democratic National Convention. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. It would also, organizers believed, disprove some of the stereotypical negative images of Black men that existed in American society. It is A. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. The landmark verdict reversed the separate but equal doctrine the Court had established with Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), in which it determined that equal protection was not violated as long as reasonably equal conditions were provided to both groups. BBC.George Floyd Protests: A Timeline. Frustrated Black servicemen were forced to combat racism even as they sought to further U.S. war aims; this became known as the Double V strategy, for the two victories they sought to win. It went to George McGovern, who lost to Richard Nixon in the general election. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. Over the next years, however, there was little decrease in housing segregation, and violence arose from Black efforts to seek housing in white neighborhoods. On February 1, 1960, four Black students from the Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at the lunch counter in a local branch of Woolworths and ordered coffee. B.his second inaugural Address Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. In her victory speech in November 2020, Harris said that she was thinking "about the generations of women, Black women, Asian, white, Latina, Native American womenwho throughout our nations history have paved the way for this moment tonightwomen who fought and sacrificed so much for equality and liberty and justice for all.. B. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. In the spring of 1943, graduates of the first all-Black military aviation program, created at the Tuskegee Institute in 1941, headed to North Africa as the 99th Pursuit Squadron. But unlike their white counterparts, they werent just fighting for the colony's independence, or to maintain British control. The practice of collective bargaining became more common. One of its earliest programs was a crusade against lynching and other lawless acts. The laws required that, Effect and Evolution of African Americans in Minnesota Intro The first Great Migration occurred after the Civil War and after the 13th amendment was passed. Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? The last leader to appear was the Baptist preacher Martin Luther King Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), who spoke eloquently of the struggle facing Black Americans and the need for continued action and nonviolent resistance. What was the goal of the reformers who wanted to help Native Americans in the late 1800s? His play caught the attention of Branch Rickey, general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had been considering bringing an end to segregation in baseball. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. After wards he gave what speech? The First Challenge: The Family Unit. Sitting Bull did not feel bound by the 1868 treaty, which he didn't sign. A former educational consultant and a founder of the National Womens Caucus, Chisholm became the first Black woman in Congress in 1968, when she was elected to the House from her Brooklyn district. Hunters could chase herds to hunt individual buffalo. What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. In Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus made resistance to desegregation a central part of his successful 1956 reelection campaign. Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor Most were subject to special taxes. One of the most prominent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, was cautiously optimistic, however, wisely predicting that"This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system.. And on March 13, 26-year-old EMT Breonna Taylorwas shot eight times and killed after police broke down the door to her apartment while executing a nighttime warrant. B.14th Amendment A series of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of police officers continued to spark outrage and protests, including Eric Garner in New York City, Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Tamir Rice in Cleveland Ohio and Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland. C. In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. Studies indicate the median white family in the United States holds more than ten times the wealth of the median African American family. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? By that time, the U.S. governments war on drugs had sent a disproportionate number of African Americans to prison, and by 2000, more Black men were incarcerated than in college. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. In 1949, he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee to discuss the appeal of Communism to Black Americans, surprising them with a ferocious condemnation of the racial discrimination embodied by the Jim Crow segregation laws of the South: The white public should start toward real understanding by appreciating that every single Negro who is worth his salt is going to resent any kind of slurs and discrimination because of his race, and hes going to use every bit of intelligenceto stop it. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. Upon his return to Missouri, Scott sued for his freedom on the basis that his temporary removal to free soil had made him legally free. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the success of the long-running sitcom The Cosby Showfeaturing popular comedian Bill Cosby as the doctor patriarch of a close-knit middle-class African American familyhelped redefine the image of Black characters on mainstream American television. In more than 100 cities, several days of riots, burning and looting followed his death. The fate of enslaved people in the United States would divide the nation during the Civil War. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. The ILGWU became a key member of the AFL. By the summer of 1862, however, Lincoln had come to believe he could not avoid the slavery question much longer. The Little Rock Nine forming a study group after being prevented from entering Little Rock's Central High School. C - yes PBS.org.The Matter of Black Lives. When once we encourage such a system, it is equivalent to admitting our incompetency [inability] for self-government and our inability to seek better conditions. The ILGWU became a key member of the AFL. As his success and fame grew, Robinson began speaking out publicly for Black equality. In 1962, however, a crisis erupted when the state-funded University of Mississippi (known as Ole Miss) admitted a Black man, James Meredith. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? No tide of racism can stop us, King proclaimed from the steps of the state capitol building, addressing the nearly 50,000 supportersBlack and whitewho met the marchers in Montgomery. which policies might have made the Dawes Act more successful? The Voting Rights Act sought to overcome the legal barriers that still existed at the state and local levels preventing Black citizens from exercising the right to vote given them by the 15th Amendment. The outspoken Chisholm, who attracted little support among African American men during her presidential campaign, later told the press: Ive always met more discrimination being a woman than being Black. The practice of collective bargaining became more common. The expansion of major rail lines linking the West and the East enabled people and supplies to move cheaply. In the mid-1960s, 70 African Americans were serving as elected officials in the South, while by the turn of the century there were some 5,000. His son, Jesse L. Jackson Jr., won election to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois in 1995. In 1923, the U.S. government successfully prosecuted and convicted Garvey for mail fraud in connection with selling stock in his Black Star Line shipping company. They further agreed to give up their nomadic life, which often brought them into conflict with other tribes in the region, with settlers, and with railroad surveys. In 1868, many Lakota leaders agreed to a treaty that created a large reservation in the western half of present-day South Dakota. the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops, Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. On the strength of his Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, he placed third in the primaries, propelled by a surge of Black voter participation. ' Kings speech served as a defining moment for the civil rights movement, and he soon emerged as its most prominent figure. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Less than a week after the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers were beaten and bloodied by Alabama state troopers in March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal legislation to ensure protection of the voting rights of African Americans. New methods were found to prevent African Americans from voting. When Meredith arrived at Ole Miss under the protection of federal forces including U.S. marshals, a mob of more than 2,000 people formed on the Oxford, Mississippi campus. In 1971, Jackson founded PUSH, or People United to Save Humanity (later changed to People United to Serve Humanity), an organization that advocated self-reliance for African Americans and sought to establish racial parity in the business and financial community. to the end [result] that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." States could require separate facilities for African Americans as long as the facilities were equal. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. The Black Lives Matter movement gained renewed attention on September 25, 2016, when San Francisco 49ers players Eric Reid, Eli Harold, and quarterback Colin Kaepernick kneeled during the national anthem before the game against the Seattle Seahawks to draw attention to recent acts of police brutality. The children involved in the landmark civil rights lawsuit Brown v. Board of Education, which challenged the legality of American public school segregation: Vicki Henderson, Donald Henderson, Linda Brown, James Emanuel, Nancy Todd, and Katherine Carper. At the end of World War II, African Americans were poised to make far-reaching demands to end racism. Thousands of mourners attended, and Jet magazine published a photo of the corpse. The laws required that, A. After 1619, when a Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore at the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia, slavery spread quickly through the American colonies. Chauvin was filmed kneeling on Floyds neck for more than eight minutes. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . 1 is B. Perhaps your grandmother, for example, always says goodbye with "God bless you." D.sad Most were denied the right to vote. At its most basic level, the act gave the federal government more power to protect citizens against discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex or national origin. The other was to take the whole art of photography and starting with perfecting dry plates, set out to make the camera as easy a recorder as the pencil. Ranching is common in temperate, dry areas, such as the Pampas region of South . In February, an Alabama state trooper shot a young African American demonstrator in nearby Marion, and the SCLC announced a massive protest march from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery. 5.The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves In the courts the . Despite his success on the field, however, he encountered hostility from both fans and other players. Ranchers commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep.Some ranchers also raise elk, bison, ostriches, emus, and alpacas.The ranching and livestock industry is growing faster than any other agricultural sector in the world. While in a grocery store, he allegedly whistled and made a flirtatious remark to the white woman behind the counter, violating the strict racial codes of the Jim Crow South. Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. Found guilty, King immediately appealed the decision. C)rushed to join the Union army. In subsequent decisions over the next decades, the Court limited the scope of affirmative action programs, while several U.S. states prohibited racially based affirmative action. I thought 5 was A but if not A, then D? What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? A. In 1926, a controversial bestseller about Harlem life by the white novelist Carl von Vechten exemplified the attitude of many white urban sophisticates, who looked to Black culture as a window into a more primitive and vital way of life. High out-of-wedlock birth rates, absent fathers, and the lack of a family support network for many young African-Americans have led to serious problems in America's urban areas. Their commander, Captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr., later became one of the first African American generals (his fatherGeneral Benjamin O. Davis Sr.was the first). READ MORE:Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, as more explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various read more. Ray later recanted his confession, and despite several inquiries into the matter by the U.S. government, many continued to believe that the speedy trial had been a cover-up for a larger conspiracy. to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. King himself led another attempt on March 9, but turned the marchers around when state troopers again blocked the road; that night, a group of segregationists fatally beat a protester, the young white minister James Reeb. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? In the 1920s, the great migration of Black Americans from the rural South to the urban North sparked an African American cultural renaissance that took its name from the New York City neighborhood of Harlem but became a widespread movement in cities throughout the North and West. You can ask a new question or browse more history questions. By the early 1970s, the advances of the civil rights movement had combined with the rise of the feminist movement to create an African American womens movement. The ILGWU was notable because it was. Which Reconstruction-era political group came from the North to the South to influence politics? The hashtag #BlackLivesMatter first appeared on Twitter on July 13, 2013, and spread widely as high-profile cases involving the deaths of Black civilians provoked renewed outrage. The railroads provided jobs for settlers. C) In the. Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? How is Judith Templeton depicted? Based on the passage, Eastman sought to make popular photography possible by inventing a camera that was. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. B. 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