Webbroward health medical center human resources phone number; steve watson obituary poplar bluff mo; new york state standard deduction 2022; Sign Up. Story Number: NNS090420-13 Release Date: 4/20/2009 3:25:00 PM. In 1988, Stephen Joseph Ratkai, a Hungarian-Canadian recruited by Soviet Intelligence, was arrested, charged and convicted in St. John's, Newfoundland for attempting to obtain information on the SOSUS site at Naval Station Argentia. The airport received a full CAA license to operate in December 2008. In February 1943 it was renamed RAF St. Mawgan and in June 1943, the United States Army Air Forces took over and carried out a number of major improvements, including a new control tower and a further extension of the main runway. Before the nature of the arrays became known, many writers assumed SOSUS was a barrier system, rather than arrays giving surveillance of entire ocean basins. under the sea in order to detect submarines or surface vessels of The move will include the transfer of an undetermined number of British forces to continue the facility’s specific role as "a direct link between U.S. and U.K. maritime forces," she said. The Joint Maritime Facility, St. Mawgan, is one of seven Navy installations under Navy Region Europe, Africa, Southwest Asia (EURAFSWA), and the last remaining view of one of the International Air Days that used to be held In August 1965, the US Naval Support Activities, London was disestablished and reassigned to COMNAVACTUK, consolidating the support activity and old facility into one command. Name changed in June 2019 to, Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap, Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine, Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Acoustic Research Kaneohe Alaska (PARKA) II, "How the ocean grew 'ears' to pinpoint missile shots", Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, Integrated Undersea Surveillance System insignia, "SOSUS The "Secret Weapon" of Undersea Surveillance", "Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010", Report on Security of Overseas Transport. When that submarine put into Adak for a medical emergency the detection events were matched to the submarine's logs ending the disbelief the "Soviet" contact was actually a U.S. Since then, a series of naval installations, schools and support sites have shut down. During the years of the Cold War the station Are you looking for someone who is or was in JOINT MARITIME FACILITY ST MAWGAN UNITED KINGDOM? "The force structure change will increase our capabilities to accomplish our mission and decrease the size of our footprint as well," said Mercer. In 1998 that command was placed under Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. foreign powers. Corey Barker. [1][10] When two or more arrays held a target the bearings from each array gave an estimated target position by triangulation. The linear arrays with hydrophones placed on slopes within the sound channel enabled beamforming processing at the shore facilities to form azimuthal beams. Even then, others had doubts until 19631964 Norwegian data on submarines deploying or returning collected correlated signatures. ely funeral home neptune, nj; longest nfl game weather delay; cari laque bio; Online Forms. The northernmost system off Vancouver Island was to terminate in Canada but a change in government there precluded a facility in Canada at the time. [1][2] As a result, the Navy formed a study group designated Project Hartwell, named for the University of Pennsylvania's Dr. G.P. The understanding of the ocean acoustic environment made the system possible rather than development of new technology. The system's true nature was classified with the name and acronym SOSUS themselves classified. [3], More original NAVFACs closed during 1993 with NAVFACs Centerville Beach, California and Adak, Alaska closing with their acoustic data routed to NAVFAC Whidbey Island. In June 1994 an entirely new cable system was introduced with fiber optic cable. WebThe RAF station opened on 1 April 1939 and served as a training establishment during the Second World War. WebIn later years RAF St Mawgan became home to the Joint Maritime Facility. Volume 1. In August 1965, the US Naval Support Activities, London was disestablished and reassigned to COMNAVACTUK, consolidating the support activity and old facility into one command. It has a normal (winter) population of 18,000 which swells to approximately 100,000 during the May Spitfire in the backyard. It's been nearly 40 years since we parted. soundtrack), - various artefacts associated with RAF St Mawgan. Further NAVFACs shut down in 1976 with NAVFACs Punta Borinquen and Nantucket decommissioned. Though this relocation reduces the U.S. footprint, it will not interfere with the command's overall surveillance mission. members of the Royal Family, other dignitaries and a panoramic The Facility was closed on April 18, 2009. A Joint Maritime Facility was opened in 1995 with the United States Navy, and No 1 Squadron RAF Regiment arrived from Laarbruch in 1999. [1][8], The system was considered a strategic, not tactical, system at the time and part of continental defense. Other ships were added for acoustic and bathymetric surveys and cable support. Its role is to monitor surface and sub-surface shipping. Patch: Unit Details: Strength Facility Type Garrison - Base Station Year 1900 - Present Description. However the JMF, important as it was, only WebJOINT MARITIME FACILITY ST MAWGAN History : Established 18 August 1995 at RAF Station St Mawgan, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Serve as regional area coordinator for U.S. Did you proudly serve in JOINT MARITIME FACILITY ST MAWGAN UNITED KINGDOM? It was implemented as a chain of underwater hydrophone arrays linked by cable, based on commercial telephone technology, to shore stations located around the western Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to Barbados. This site is not connected with any government agency. It was disbanded in 2009. The forty hydrophones spaced on the array provided the aperture for signal processing to form horizontal azimuthal beams of two to five degrees wide, each beam with a LOFAR analyzer and capability to do narrow-band frequency analysis to discriminate signal from ocean noise and to identify specific frequencies associated with rotating machinery. As other Naval activities in the United Kingdom and Northwestern Europe were established, the command was designated by the Secretary of the Navy to its present title of US Naval Activities, United Kingdom (NAVACTUK). The NAVFAC watch floor had banks of displays using electrostatic paper, similar to that used for echograms in depth finders. [10], The first women were assigned to NAVFAC Eleuthera when an officer and ten enlisted women were assigned in 1972. This, and later specialized, sonobuoys equipped with a small explosive charge could be used in an active mode to detect the echo off the target. SOSUS grew out of tasking in 1949 to scientists and engineers to study the problem of antisubmarine warfare. There the contacts of multiple arrays were correlated with other intelligence sources in order to cue and provide the search area for air and surface antisubmarine assets to localize and prosecute. Support tenant activities and U.S. Government perosnnel in Greater London. The England operation — staffed by U.S. and British naval forces since its inception in 1995 — will move to Dam Neck, according to Lt. j.g. In November 2006, No. The goal of the Cumming campus is to eventually offer a range of programs. 2,950,972, MILITARY UNITS - JOINT MARITIME FACILITY ST MAWGAN UNITED KINGDOM. This site is not connected with any government agency. In 1954, the order was increased by three more Atlantic stations and an extension into the Pacific, with six stations on the West Coast and one in Hawaii. submarine.[15][38][39]. It was even found that color blindness could be an advantage. [3], For much of the system's operation, direct action based on SOSUS contacts was avoided. Over the next three decades, more systems were added; NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland in 1966 and NAVFAC Guam in 1968 being examples of expansion beyond the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. [note 7] Systems terminating at Naval Facility Bermuda, Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Nantucket, and Cape May were installed during 1955. Air Sea Rescue operations first took place in 1956, with Whirlwind helicopters. WebJoint Maritime Facility (JMF) St Mawgan, UK. [3] In 1997 the Adak system reverts to "wet storage. [1][3][18], From 219 January 1952 the British cable layer Alert installed the first full sized, 1,000ft (304.8m) long, forty transducer element operational array in 240 fathoms (1,440.0ft; 438.9m) off Eleuthera in the Bahamas. This first generation WADR was used to consolidate array data from the California facilities at San Nicolas Island and Point Sur in 1984. It was announced in early 2009 that the JMF would close in order to save the US Navy 6.5 million per year, losing 22 jobs in the process. WebThe US-Navy (USN) sports hall, church, child development and youth centre were handed over to the RAF following their withdrawal from the UK/US Joint Maritime Facility at RAF St Mawgan. The intention of the non-residential campus is to address capacity concerns for the University of North Georgia. He said we were like brothers and then all of a sudden, we lost all contact. In 1951, it reopened as a Coastal Command base used for maritime reconnaissance, flying Avro Lancaster and Avro Shackleton aircraft. Cable laying was a capability AT&T and other entities had developed for decades for commercial communications cables. Shore upgrades and new cable technology allowed system consolidation until by 1980 that process had resulted in many closures of the NAVFACs with centralized processing at a new type facility, Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF), that by 1981 saw one for each ocean and mass closing of the NAVFACs. The combination of location within the ocean and the sensitivity of arrays allowed the system to detect acoustic power of less than a single watt at ranges of several hundred kilometres. When two or more arrays held a contact, triangulation provided approximate positions for air or surface assets to localize. Jezebel research had developed an additional short range, high frequency, upward-looking system using active transducers for direct plotting of ships passing over the array. As a result, the commands, Oceanographic System Atlantic and Oceanographic System Pacific became Undersea Surveillance Atlantic and Undersea Surveillance Pacific, and personnel were able to wear insignia reflecting the mission. In 1994 the Atlantic and Pacific commands were merged into Commander Undersea Surveillance at Dam Neck, Virginia. We talked on the phone several times in the last few years, and finally we were able to meet in El Paso, TX for a short visit. [3], Artemis was an experiment with a large active source. [3], In 1965 Flyer was acquired as a bathymetric survey ship. [1], The combination of research and engineering under Jezebel and Michael into an actual broad area surveillance system as seen by Project Hartwell's Frederick V. Hunt became the Sound Surveillance System with the acronym SOSUS. If you have any information on the origin or meaning of these arms, or have additional images that you want to share, please mail us your information! Served in this Facility? A contractor for the Office of Naval Research, Fleet Analysis and Support Division published an unclassified report with "SOSUS" in association with the system acronym "SOSS", defined as "Sound Search Station," and a capability to display data from sonobuoys side by side on either aircraft or SOSS displays in contact classification as either friendly or unfriendly targets. New coaxial multiplexed commercial telephone system cable, designated SB, using a single wire for all hydrophones allowed major changes with the prototype installed in 1962 at Eleuthera. The product of these displays was the LOFARgram which graphically represented acoustic energy and frequency against time. The word Artemis had been used as a code word in the first days before Jezebel, Michael and Caesar as an unclassified name. History: Established 18 August 1995 at RAF Station St Mawgan, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Changes in Soviet operations, few hostile nuclear submarines at sea and the ending of the Cold War in the 1990s meant the need to maintain IUSS/SOSUS at full capability decreased. The system, using equipment termed Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder and a process termed Low Frequency Analysis and Recording, both with the acronym LOFAR, was to be based on AT&T's sound spectrograph, developed for speech analysis and modified to analyze low-frequency underwater sounds. We wonder about the rest that served with us in the artillery unit we served in. Moreover, SOSUS data from March 1968 facilitated the discovery, and clandestine retrieval six years later, of parts of the Soviet Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine K-129, that foundered that month north of Hawaii. [1][3], A cover story was developed to explain the visible shore installations, the Naval Facilities, and the commands under which they fell. Until May 2008, RAF St Mawgan was primarily used as a Search and Rescue training base and was home to 203(R) Squadron, equipped with Sea King helicopters. WebSt Mawgan used to be the home of the Joint Maritime Facility, commissioned 18 August 1995, a command for undersea tracking operated by the Royal Navy and United States The signatures available were of surfaced submarines from other sources. Personnel assigned upon this establishment were largely drawn from the CINCNELM staff. [3] Due to the fact that the SOSUS community departed from the usual Navy cultural routine, with repeat assignments within the small community, women were able to serve in a warfare specialty without shipboard duty that was still being denied. It was not until the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, when the quarantine reduced other shipping noises, that operators recognized unusual signatures that were confirmed to be Soviet snorkeling submarines when aircraft sighted snorkels and sonobuoys confirmed the unusual acoustics as being from that submarine. Bush Presidential Library and Museum. [3], USNS Stalwart and USNSWorthy(T-AGOS-14) monohull SURTASS ships were withdrawn with SWATH hull USNSVictorious(T-AGOS-19) accepted by the Navy during 1992. Consolidation continued in 1987 with NAVFAC Whidbey Island, Washington, established with NAVFAC Pacific Beach's acoustic data routed to that facility. How cool is that. In 1970 COMOCEANSYSLANT and COMOCEANSYSPAC were designated as major commands by the Chief of Naval Operations. aircraft from the USA before they moved on to other RAF stations The first address you sent me is my buddy. WebAs a recruiter, his station earned Large Station of the Year for the entire nation in 2000. Many RAF aircraft regularly detach to St Mawgan for short periods of exercise training. In 2003 the new Advanced Deployable System (ADS) completes dual array testing. UK-based Outdoor Fitness, Boot Camp & Military Fitness Providers Canadian-based Outdoor Fitness, Boot Camp & Military Fitness Providers Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaires (PAR-Q) & Liability Waivers DSAT Module 11: Defence Commanding Officers of Training Establishments (COTE) Course Defence Instructor In 2012, an academic facility in Cumming, GA was opened on GA 400. Both the full name and acronym were classified. [3], The Navy operational side, taking over when the systems were accepted and turned over for operation, came under Commander, Oceanographic System Atlantic (COMOCEANSYSLANT) in 1954. Elizabeth A. Sokolowich, spokeswoman for the Integrated Underseas Surveillance System. The university offers degrees in more than 130 courses of study through [11] The first Atlantic stations, ranging from Nova Scotia to Barbados, formed a long line semicircle looking into the Western Atlantic basin with geographic separation for contact correlation and triangulation. Commander Ocean Systems Atlantic launched an effort in 1964 to create a rating peculiar to SOSUS and allow personnel to remain within the community. Fortunately he had also become a member and responded to my email. Some did so and remained in the system as civil service or contractor personnel. It was disbanded in 2009. A system wide modernization began in 1972. U.S. government agencies have not reviewed this information. After the war it was handed over to Coastal Command to monitor Soviet ships and submarines in the Norwegian Sea. Those were examined by the personnel trained to identify submarine signatures. Available for both RF and RM licensing. WebJOINT MARITIME FACILITY ST MAWGAN History : Established 18 August 1995 at RAF Station St Mawgan, Cornwall, United Kingdom. "[13] The cover extended to the names of the commands and training of personnel with overall commands designated Ocean Systems Atlantic and Ocean Systems Pacific, and terms such as Ocean Technician [OT] and Oceanographic Research Watch Officer given to Naval Facility personnel. We were stationed in Germany in 1975 through 1978. The JMF was a joint Anglo/American facility whose function was to monitor listening devices placed under the sea in order to detect submarines or surface vessels of foreign powers. [10], In 1961 the system proved its effectiveness when it tracked USSGeorge Washington on her first North Atlantic transit to the United Kingdom. Atlantic NAVFAC Antigua and Pacific NAVFACs at San Nicolas Island and Point Sur in California closed. Augmenting these local improvements was the increased central processing in centers that eventually became the Naval Oceanographic Processing Facilities. An alternative story is that it was named for a local bar popular with MIT faculty. Blue Abyss (Future Site of The mission of Navy Region Europe is to provide effective and efficient shore services to U.S. and allied forces within the European theater supporting operations in Europe and Africa. Unfortunately we have no information on the meaning or origin of these arms yet. there is an abundance of photographs and information on display Sign up to receive our newsletter regarding Veterans, Reunions, Military, Veteran Benefits, Military Pictures, Jokes, Military History, The Joint Maritime Facility, St. Mawgan, was one of seven Navy installations under Navy Region Europe, Africa, Southwest Asia (EURAFSWA), and was the last remaining U.S. installation in the U.K. Veteran C. Young, After 30 years and learning the computer and finding VetFriends, I went to my first reunion of the USS Navasota AO-106. [1][3][6] The origin of the project name was explained by Dr. Robert Frosch to Senator Stennis during a 1968 hearing. Equipment in the terminal buildings was installed by specially cleared Western Electric Company personnel. It was the primary cuing system which antisubmarine forces used to localize and potentially destroy targets for over forty years but secrecy largely kept that fact from the fleet. RAF St. Mawgan located just outside Newquay in the region known as Cornwall is a British air base, which also houses the U.K. Defence Survival Training [33] NAVFAC Barbers Point is commissioned. [30][31], The first NAVFAC decommissioning took place with the isolated duty station at NAVFAC San Salvador, Bahamas shut down on 31 January 1970. In April 1974 the ship was reported as already being funded by Naval Electronics Systems Command (NAVELEX), where the project program management resided, and no longer funded as an oceanographic ship. WebSt Mawgan used to be the home of the Joint Maritime Facility, commissioned 18 August 1995, a command for undersea tracking operated by the Royal Navy and United States Navy. Thanks for making it possible!" [1] The first detection of a Soviet nuclear submarine occurred on 6 July 1962 when NAVFAC Barbados recognized and reported contact #27103, a Soviet nuclear submarine west of Norway coming into the Atlantic through the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap.[1][3]. A major, long-term research program spanning over 25 years, the Long Range Acoustic Propagation Program (LRAPP), made significant progress in such understanding and influenced decisions in SOSUS, significantly the SOSUS expansion into the eastern Atlantic. The pinnacle of the service’s drawdown in the U.K. came when Naval Forces Europe moved its headquarters from London to Naples, Italy, in 2005. Mission Cold war passive, fixed array undersea surveillance system. [3] NAVFAC Cape Hatteras closed in 1982 and in 1983 Midway acoustic data was rerouted directly to Naval Ocean Processing Facility, Ford Island. Release Date: 4/20/2009 3:25:00 PM, By Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class (AW) Chris Henry, Navy Public Affairs Support Element East Detachment Europe. In 1968, the first detections of Victor and Charlie class Soviet submarines were made, while in 1974 the first Delta-class submarine was observed. This is a wonderful opportunity to continue our relationship with the Royal Navy and Air Force.". As the new mobile systems came on line, SOSUS arrays themselves were deactivated and some turned over for scientific research. St Mawgan reopened in 1951 operating Lancasters as the School of Maritime Reconnaissance. Air Sea Rescue operations first took place in 1956, with Whirlwind helicopters. Lancaster operations ended in 1956, to be replaced by Shackletons and then Nimrods in 1970, the worlds first jet maritime patrol aircraft. Cessna. Helicopter maintenance (HMF) also ceased here in that year. An associated program. Meanwhile, Project Jezebel and Project Michael focused on studying long range acoustics in the ocean. SOSUS was a case of new understanding of the environment and then application of largely existing technology and even equipment to the problem.[10]. [3][4], That group also recommended a system to monitor low-frequency sound in the SOFAR channel using multiple listening sites equipped with hydrophones and a processing facility that could calculate submarine positions over hundreds of miles. Advanced technology and cost-efficiency measures for both the U.S. Navy and U.K. Ministry of Defense have prompted the relocation of JMF's Integrated Undersea Surveillance Systems (IUSS) operations to work remotely from the Naval Ocean Processing Facility in Dam Neck. For details on locations, including photographs, see, The similarity is seen in the 1962 Bell Telephone System advertisement. To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what are the (a) construction costs and (b) operation costs of the Joint Maritime Communications Centre at St. Mawgan for (i) 199192, (ii.) [15], The system's first station came on line before there was any signature library of Soviet submarine acoustic characteristics while submerged. WebJoint Maritime Facility, usually referred to as JMF, is located on Royal Air Force Base, St Mawgan, in the county of Cornwall in the south west corner of England.The nearest town is Newquay (New-key), located approximately four miles from the Station. A statement released by the Eden Project stated they, "are proud to support this historic event that recognises the links and friendships made between the U.S. Navy and Cornwall.". If you would like to find more information about benefits offered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, please visit the official U.S. government web site for veterans benefits at, Montgomery Regional Airport Dannelly Field. Others of the first Atlantic phase followed, and in 1957 the original operational array at Eleuthera got an operational shore facility as the last of the first phase of Atlantic systems. US Naval Activities, (NAVACTS) London was established in 1951 by the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations as a union of two shore commands; US Naval Activities in London, and US Naval Facility, London. The first experimental array was a six-element test array laid at Eleuthera in the Bahamas in 1951, followed, after successful experiments with a target submarine, in 1952 by a fully-functional 1,000ft (304.8m), forty-hydrophone array. [30], In 1980 consolidation and elimination of expensive individual facilities was made possible by the Wideband Acoustic Data Relay (WADR) first installed at Midway Island in January 1982 so that the two Midway arrays could eventually be remoted directly to NOPF Ford Island. 2023 Stars and Stripes. The facility at Whidbey, with multiple systems terminating there became Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF) Whidbey. WebThe JMF was a joint Anglo/American facility whose function was to monitor listening devices placed under the sea in order to detect submarines or surface vessels of foreign It was soon apparent that the Navy's practice of short term tours and transfer out of the system was a problem. 7 Sqn, flying Canberras, operated at RAF St. Mawgan as target tugs from 1970 until 1982, with 22 Squadron moving out in 1974. Even the Fleet had little knowledge of the system or its function. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos The site contains at present 164,937 pages and 270,692 images. By 1998 cable technology and shore processing allowed consolidation of shore stations to a few central processing facilities. [15] In 1997 the RAINFORM was abandoned and replaced. The commands role has been to provide anti-submarine warfare and ocean borne acoustic information to tactical platforms and shore-based facilities, providing a link between U.S. and U.K. maritime forces and their headquarters. Known as the JMF, the command is part of the Navy’s Integrated Underseas Surveillance System. With its unique combination of professionals from a broad spectrum of countries and disciplines, JMF accomplishes a wide variety of mission oriented goals. Blue Abyss (Future Site of World's Deepest Pool) Avro Shackleton MR.2. [3] Although officially declassified in 1991, by that time IUSS and SOSUS had long been an open secret. This force structure change will save the U.K. nearly 4 million pounds a year and the U.S. almost $ 9 million annually in support and operations costs. was very active with Lancasters, Shackletons & Nimrods and An experimental six-element hydrophone array was installed on the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas during 1951. The nearest town is Newquay, located It was a shallow water, curved array with ten eight-element arrays installed on two cables with each cable having the capacity for the usual forty elements. Navy Joint Maritime Facility (JMF) St Mawgan, UK | Navy Veteran In 1966 the project came under Naval Electronics Systems Command (NAVELEX PME-124) where it remained through the name change in 1986 to Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWARSYSCOM PMW 180)[note 12] and a move from Arlington to San Diego in 1997. All Rights Reserved. Photographs of a Patch: Unit An indication of ranges is the first detection, recognition and reporting of a Soviet nuclear submarine coming into the Atlantic through the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap by an array terminating at NAVFAC Barbados on 6 July 1962. The nearest town is Newquay, located approximately 4 miles from the base. At that time the order for stations was increased from six to nine. 42 Squadron and 236 Operational Conversion Unit moved to RAF Kinloss in 1992, taking away RAF St. Mawgan's fixed-wing station-based aircraft, the Nimrods which had been at the base since 1969. It was originally established as a fort, since it sits on strategic high ground overlooking the Hudson River with a scenic view, 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMSUBPAC) recognized the contacts as US submarines engaged in highly classified operations, and immediate changes were ordered for the reporting procedures. It has a normal (winter) population of 18,000 which swells to approximately 100,000 during the May The same year, the Pacific systems began to be installed and activated. coats of arms of cities, states, municipalities, countries etc. With closure of NAVFAC Brawdy and its array data remoted to Joint Maritime Facility (JMF), St Mawgan the later Integrated Undersea Surveillance System character of the consolidated, joint centers was achieved. Support tenant activities and U.S. Government perosnnel in Greater London. very large number of different aircraft, that either visited the That opened a new field for women outside the usual medical, education, or administrative specialties. [25], In 1954 the Fleet Sonar School at Key West established a Sound Search Course for training personnel. In military construction hearings during 1964 before the Senate Committee on Armed Services the request for funding of recreational and other support buildings for the Naval Facility Cape Hatteras the Navy noted it was part of a program supporting continental air and missile defense forces without mention of its role in tracking Soviet missile submarines. Read more about this topic: RAF St Mawgan, When the coherence of the parts of a stone, or even that composition of parts which renders it extended; when these familiar objects, I say, are so inexplicable, and contain circumstances so repugnant and contradictory; with what assurance can we decide concerning the origin of worlds, or trace their history from eternity to eternity?David Hume (17111776), Whenever we read the obscene stories, the voluptuous debaucheries, the cruel and torturous executions, the unrelenting vindictiveness, with which more than half the Bible is filled, it would be more consistent that we called it the word of a demon than the Word of God. Here in that Year Details on locations, including photographs, see, the similarity seen... 1994 an entirely new cable system was introduced with fiber optic cable Jezebel, Michael and as. 3:25:00 PM Second World war with any government agency funeral home neptune, ;... 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