She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. More was thus in his early thirties, successful, happily married, when the tax collectors Dudley and Empson were beheaded on Tower Hill at the command of the new king, Henry VIII. He died on 8 August 1420. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Sir Thomas Pole was a member of the aristocracy in England. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. Read More. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". And the king did not force the issue. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. Name: Thomas More. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. Margaret is a devout Catholic and a member of the House of York, which fought Henry's father during the War of the Roses; she is first cousin of Henry's mother Queen Elizabeth of York through her father George Plantagenet, Elizabeth's uncle and the brother of Edward IV. It was More's execution - far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole - which established the king's reputation for capricious cruelty. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. My faithfulness stands fast and so, Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Hilary Mantel. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. It did not matter. In January 1539 Geoffrey was pardoned, but Margaret's son, Henry, Baron Montagu (and cousin Exeter), were later executed for treason after trial. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. Nor make one step, as you shall see; Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. It was not so much a letter as a small book. Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. (Along with Margaret her sister-in-law Eleanor Pole was also a lady-in-waiting to Katherine. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. He was knighted in 1521, became speaker of the House of Commons in 1523, and earned the title of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. 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